3.2.4. First Aid for Diabetes and Low Blood Sugar Diabetes

Diabetes Mellitus, commonly known as diabetes, is a health issue in elderly individuals that requires special
attention. This condition can lead to emergency situations due to sudden changes in blood sugar levels,
either high (hyperglycemia) or low (hypoglycemia). Hypoglycemia is considerably more dangerous than hy
perglycemia, as it can quickly lead to loss of consciousness and even fatal outcomes if the brain does not
receive its necessary glucose. Symptoms of hypoglycemia in elderly individuals can appear rapidly, including
irritability, confusion, and loss of consciousness. When these symptoms are noticed, if the person is still conscious, they should be given a sugary liquid or oral glucose immediately. If the person has lost consciousness,
a rapidly dissolving sugar should be placed between the gums and the cheek, and the individual should be
taken to the hospital immediately. In the case of hyperglycemia, symptoms develop more slowly, usually over
several hours. While immediate emergency intervention is not required if the patient is conscious, it is important to get the patient to the hospital as soon as possible. Proper management of these conditions in elderly individuals is crucial for protecting the patient’s health and preventing potential complications.
Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): Hypoglycemia is common in individuals with diabetes and requires im
mediate intervention. Symptoms include sweating, shaking, dizziness, weakness, and loss of consciousness.
The following steps should be taken:
• Administer Sugary Food: Provide fast-acting carbohydrates, such as glucose tablets or sugary drinks, immediately.

• Check Blood Sugar Levels: Monitor the blood sugar level. Continue to give sugary food until the level
returns to normal.
• Seek Medical Assistance in Emergencies: If loss of consciousness or persistent symptoms occur, call for
medical help immediately.
• Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar): Symptoms of hyperglycemia include excessive thirst, frequent urina
tion, fatigue, and blurred vision. The following steps should be taken:
• Use Insulin: If the patient uses insulin, administer it according to the doctor’s instructions.
• Increase Fluid Intake: Ensure the patient drinks plenty of water to prevent dehydration.
• Seek Medical Help: If blood sugar levels are very high or symptoms worsen, seek medical assistance.